Jooyoung Lee
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Jooyoung Lee
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Jooyoung Lee
딥러닝/AI math

Lecture Notes - Gauss Elimination

딥러닝/AI math

Lecture Notes - Gauss Elimination

2022. 12. 15. 20:11

가우스 소거법

선형시스템의 해를 구하는 방법


가장 단순한 형태의 선형시스템은 아래와 같다. 이 선형시스템의 해는 무엇인가?

ax=bax=b 

해가 하나인 경우 

3x=63x=6

 

해가 없는 경우 

0x=y0x=y

 

해가 여러개인 경우

0x=00x=0

 

  • a = 0 이면 특이하다.
    • ax = b의 해가 곧장 나오지 않는다.
    • a의 역수 (inverse)가 존재하지 않는 경우, a가 특이(singular)하다고 한다.
  • 해가 있으면 선형시스템이 "consistent"
  • 해가 없으면 선형시스템이 "inconsistent"

 

 

Ax=bAx=b

 

가우스 소거법 (Gauss elimination)

  • 가우스 소거법은 임의의 m x n 선형시스템의 해를 구하는 대표적인 방법이다.
  • 아래 두단계로 수행된다.
  1. Forward elimination (전방소거법)
    주어진 선형시스템을 아래로 갈수록 더 단순한 형태의 선형방정식을 가지도록 변형한다.
  2. Back-substitution (후방대입법)
    아래에서부터 위로 미지수를 실제값으로 대체한다.

 

가우스 소거법 실제로 해보기

 

 ⎡⎢⎣12112323−1⎤⎥⎦⎡⎢⎣x1x2x3⎤⎥⎦=⎡⎢⎣13−3⎤⎥⎦[12112323−1][x1x2x3]=[13−3]

 

  1. 1행 1열을 기준으로 잡기
  2. r2 ← r2 - r1
  3. r3 ← r3 - 2r1
  4. 2행 2열을 기준으로 잡기
  5. r2 ↔ r3
  6. r2 ← −r2
  7. 3행 3열을 기준(pivot)으로 잡기
  8. r3 ← 1/2 r3

 

가우스 소거법에서 전방소거법은
주어진 선형 시스템의 rank를 알려주고, 선형시스템이 해가 있는지 아니면 없는지 알려준다.

'딥러닝 > AI math' 카테고리의 다른 글

경사 하강법 (Gradient decsent)  (0) 2022.12.27
Lecture notes - Linear system (coding)  (0) 2022.12.14
Lecture notes - Linear system  (0) 2022.12.14
  • 가우스 소거법 (Gauss elimination)
  • 가우스 소거법 실제로 해보기
'딥러닝/AI math' 카테고리의 다른 글
  • 경사 하강법 (Gradient decsent)
  • Lecture notes - Linear system (coding)
  • Lecture notes - Linear system
Jooyoung Lee
Jooyoung Lee
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